WFDF Official Rules of Flying Disc Sports

Copyright (c) 1994, WFDF

Index

• About WFDF: Aims, Boards, Committees, etc.
• Article I - General
• Article II - Double Disc Court
• Article III - Guts
• Article IV - Ultimate
• Article V - Discathon
• Article VI - Field Events
• Article VII - Freestyle
• Article VIII - Disc Golf
• World Records

• All of the above (approx. 270kb)

The World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF) has full copyright to this rulebook. Copies of the book are sold to cover the cost of producing it. Member associations of WFDF are allowed to translate the rules into their own language and to add national supplements as long as the WFDF rules are not altered or contradicted. The WFDF board must be notified of all such translations and receive a copy afterward.

Seventh Edition, April 1994.

Designed and Produced by Wham-O Sports Promotion.

HTML Version by George Ferguson (ferguson@cs.rochester.edu)

About WFDF

Aims of WFDF

1.

To encourage and protect the spirit of flying disc play where as partners rather than opponents we compete against the limits of our own abilities rather than each other. To foster a climate of peace in which disc play may be appreciated for its ability to bring people together in a communal rejoicing of skill and play. To ultimately learn to live together through playing together.

2.

To encourage disc play throughout the world and promote the establishment of new national flying disc associations, advising them on all flying disc activities and general management.

3.

To achieve general acceptance of disc play as a sport.

4.

To provide a forum for discussion on all aspects of disc play worldwide and to arbitrate between flying disc interests when and where conflict might arise.

5.

To establish and uphold a tournament standard for all flying disc competition worldwide. To fairly distribute the right to organize World Flying Disc Championships to interested associations and to sanction other international tournaments.

WFDF Board and Committees

President: [Changed 7 Sep 1994]

Bill Wright, 200 Linden, Ft Collins, CO 80524, USA
+1-303-484-6932 (W), +1-303-490-2714 (F), bwright@pr1.k12.co.us (E)

Secretary/Treasurer:

Johan Lindgren, Gnejsvagen 24, 853 57 Sundsvall, SWEDEN
46-60-150500 (W), 46-60-121497 (H), 46-60-115371 (WFDFForum & F) jlindgren@pns.apc.org (E)

Member:

Dan Roddick, 655 Rim Road, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
+1-818-287-9681 (W), +1-818-287-1040 (F), whamostork@aol.com (E)

Member:

Juha Jalovaara, St. Magnus-Strasse 32, D-81545 Munchen, GERMANY
49-89-647503 (H), 49-89-6422084 (W), 49-89-6422087 (F) internet: jpj@hutcs.hut.fi (E)

Member:

Fumio Morooka, 5-15-21 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, JAPAN
81-3-3701-1559 (H&F), 81-3-3238-3911 (W&F) 100206.3312@compuserve.com (E)

Member:

Thomas Griesbaum, Briegerstrasse 8, D-76139 Karlsruhe, GERMANY
49-721-67698 (H), 49-721-6084001 (W), 49-721-697760 (F) thgries@ira.uka.de (E)

Member:

Tami Pellicane, 3910 Old Denton Rd., #404, Carrollton, TX 75007, USA
+1-214-492-0252 (H), +1-214-334-5090 (F), nick_hart@acm.org (E)

Member At Large: [Changed 7 Sep 1994]

Robert L. Rauch, 145 W. 67th Street, Apt. 32-B, New York, NY 10023, USA
+1-212-787-4409 (H), +1-212-787-2069 (F), 71034.2562@compuserve.com (E)

Rules Committee

Chairperson:

Dan Roddick, (see Board Member).

Juha Jalovaara, (see Board Member).

Scott Lash, c/o Fry & Golden, 3 Park Plaza, North Park Rd, Wyomissing, PA 19610, USA
+1-215-372-0432 (W), +1-215-777-1115 (H), +1-215-372-4865 (F)

Johan Josjo, Rackarbergsgatan 26:432, S-752 32, Uppsala, SWEDEN
46-18-523158

Jon Freedman, 512 South Ogden Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA
+1-213-937-6898 (H) +1-213-240-7710 (W)

Robbie Robison, P.O. Box 3132, San Diego, CA 92163, USA
+1-619-265-2632 (H), robbie@netlink.nix.com (E)

Olli Visamo, Juussaarenkuja 5 E 45, 00840 Helsinki, FINLAND
358-0-698-3503 (H) 358-0-567-5393 (W) olliv@xerver.icl.fi (E)

Disc Golf Committee

Chairperson:

Blair Paulsen, 11005 East Johnson Lane, Cornville, AZ 86325, USA
+1-602-634-4797 (H)

John Houck, 7101 Twin Crest Dr., Austin, TX 78752, USA
+1-512-459-3322 (W), +1-512-459-7324 (F)

Mikael Hastbacka,Munkkiniemen pulstotie 12 A 20 00330 Helsinki, FINLAND
358-0-484850 (H)

Leonard Muise, 2330 Haste #101, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
+1-510-841-3957 (H), +1-415-512-8973 (W), +1-415-957-0917 (F)

Nobuya Kobayashi, c/o JPDGA, 2-15-16-601 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151, JAPAN
81-3-3378-9211 (W), 81-422-54-7321 (H), 81-3-3378-9213 (F)

Field Events Committee

Chairperson:

Carlos Rio, Vibesgate 31 b, 0356 Oslo, NORWAY
47-2-609692

Christian Voigt-Eberle, Riedeselstr. #9, 8130 Starnberg, GERMANY
49-8151-6910

Tami Pellicane, (see Board Member). Hiroshi Oshima, 22 Fukuda, Kaizuka-shi, Osaka 597, JAPAN
81-724-36-2476 (H), 81-734-52-1175 (W), 81-734-54-0138 (F)

Randy Lahm, 6523 El Nido Dr., McLean, VA 22101, USA
+1-703-372-7295 (H), lahm@capella.tsc.gtefsd.com (E)

DDC Committee

Chairperson:

Nick Hart, 3910 Old Denton Rd., #404, Carrollton, TX 75007, USA
+1-214-492-0252 (H), nick_hart@acm.org (E)

Danny McInnis, 4834 Heleo Ave, Temple City, CA 91780, USA
+1-818-287-9681 (W), +1-818-287-1040 (F) , danm911@aol.com (E)

Harvey Brandt, 116 Bishop St., #B, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
+1-203-772-1975 (H), +1-203-932-5711 (W)

Thomas Lindell, Allegatan 42, 96137, Boden, SWEDEN
46-921-13397 (H), 46-921-16533 (F)

Robbie Robison, (see Rules Committee).

Ultimate Committee

Chairperson:

Juha Jalovaara, (see Board Member).

Andrew Borinstein, 838 W. End Ave., Apt. 3B1, New York, NY 10025, USA
+1-212-666-3819 (H)

Paul Eriksson, Gotagatan 31 3tr, 116 21 Stockholm, SWEDEN
46-8-640-1445 (H), 46-8-701-3696 (W), 46-8-611-5071 (F)

Masakazu Honda, c/o JFDA, Tsukuda Bldg. 4F, 3-1-3 Motoasakusa, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111, JAPAN
81-3-3843-1165 (W), 81-423-92-3830 (H), 81-3-3843-1132 (F)

Toby Green, c/o BUF, 74 Old High Street, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9HW, ENGLAND
44-08-656-9789, 44-865-741-356 (F)

Andrew Morris, 4 Andrew Street, Clovelly 20031 New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
61-2-665-5571 (H), 61-2-281-5333 (W), 61-2-665-4471 (F)

Thomas Griesbaum, (see Board Member).

Julia North, 842 East Johnson, #2, Madison, WI 53703, USA
+1-608-257-6458 (H), +1-608-256-8076 (W), north@waisman.wisc.edu (E)

Carlo Giuliani, 2355 Bayswater St., Vancouver, BC V6K 4B2, CANADA
+1-604-732-4816 (H), +1-604-737-9335 (W), +1-604-737-9336 (F), Carlo_Giuliani@mindlink.bc.ca (E)

Guts Committee

Chairperson:

Lige Johnson, 327 Lexington Ave., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
+1-517-332-0352 (H), +1-517-336-7830 (F)

Thomas Marusich, 5841 Haverhill, Lansing, MI 48911, USA
+1-517-882-1187 (H), +1-517-487-9950 (W), +1-517-487-2902 (F)

Chris Lowcock, 86 Glenmount Park Rd., Toronto, Ontario M4E 2N2, CANADA
+1-416-694-5512 (H), +1-416-474-0404 (W), +1-416-474-0407 (F)

Anders Linden, Freigatan 50, 11326 Stockholm, SWEDEN
46-8 314766

Satoru Kimura, c/o JFDA, Tsukuda Bldg. 4F, 3-1-3 Motoasakusa, Taito-Ku, Tokyo 111, JAPAN
81-3-3843-1165 (W), 81-3-3843-1132 (F)

FREESTYLE COMMITTEE

Chairperson: [Changed 7 Sep 1994]

Bill Wright, 200 Linden, Ft Collins, CO 80524, USA
+1-303-484-6932 (W), +1-303-490-2714 (F), bwright@pr1.k12.co.us (E)

Jan Ekman, Allevagen 33, 19177 Sollentuna, SWEDEN
46-8-754-8213 (H)

Chieko Kakimoto, c/o JFDA, Tsukuda Bldg. 4F, 3-1-3 Moto Asakusa, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111, JAPAN
81-3-3843-1165 (W), 81-3-3843-1132 (F)

Kevin Givens, 302 Branciforte Dr., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
+1-408-425-4960 (H), +1-408-459-4220 (W), barrio@cats.edu (E)

Peter Bowie, 14 Rempstone Drive, Halswell, Christchurch 3, NEW ZEALAND
64-3-322-9300 (H)

MINORITY INTERESTS COMMITTEE

Chairperson:

Tami Pellicane, (see Board Member).

Sunny Cade, Box 5, Princeton, MA 01541, USA
+1-508-464-5497 (H)

Barbro Langjuth, Tuvvagen 120, 136 39 Haninge, SWEDEN
46-08-745-3776 (H), 46-08-670-3450 (W)

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION MEMBERS

Austrian Frisbee Disc Association
Martin Schoenmayr, Schalbach 73,
A-4632 Pichl/Wels, AUSTRIA
43-724-7301
43-732-534-7131 (W)
43-732-534-79 (F)

Belgian Flying Disc Federation
Rue Bara 122, 1070 Brussels, BELGIUM
32-2-521-9502
32-2-521-0841 (F)

Dansk Flying Disc Sport Union
Postbox 140, D-3520 Farum, DENMARK
45-42-957730

DiscCanada
Chris Lowcock, 86 Glenmount Park Rd.
Toronto, Ontario M4E 2N2 CANADA
+1-416-694-5512
+1-416-474-0404 (W)
+1-416-474-0407 (F)

or

British Columbia Disc Sports Society
234-1367 West Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6H 4A9 CANADA
+1-604-737-3009
+1-604-737-6043 (F)

Dutch Flying Disc Association (Nederlandse Frisbee Bond)
Postbus 85003, 3508 AA Utrecht, HOLLAND
31-30-7176-85

Federation Flying Disc de France
Maison de Associations, 1 Ave. Francois Mauriac, 9400 Creteil, FRANCE
33-1-43485807

Finnish Flying Disc Association (Suomen Liitokiekkoliitto)
Sibeliuksenkatu 3 B 23, 00250 Helsinki, FINLAND
358-0-444532
jamannin@vipunen.hut.fi (E)

German Flying Disc Association (Deutscher Frisbeesport Verband)
DFV Office, c/o Gerd Rosenowski, Am Stadtrand 20
26127 Oldenburg, GERMANY
49-445-48494
49-441-73172 (W)
49-445-48357 (F)

Italian Flying Disc Federation (Federazione Italiana Flying Disc)
c/o Pippo Fioranni, Via Porpora, 63, 20131 Milano, ITALY
39-2-26146067 (H)
39-2-57510050 (W)
filippo@adeskit.mil.autodesk.com (E)

Japan Flying Disc Association
Tsukuda Bldg 4F, 3-1-3 Moto-Asakusa, Taito-Ku
Tokyo 111, JAPAN
81-3-3843-1165
81-3-3843-1132 (F)

New Zealand Flying Disc Association
PO Box 27-356, Wellington, NEW ZEALAND
64-4-792-830
64-04-499-7100 (F)
jarvisg@matai.vuw.ac.nz (E)

Norsk Frisbee Forbund
Pb 7556, Skillebekk, 0205 Oslo 2, NORWAY
47-2-565795
47-2-349525 (F)

Republic of China Flying Disc Association
13F, #3, 990 Alley, Ming Shen East Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
886-2-3519556
886-2-3142777 (F)

Swedish Flying Disc Federation (Svenska Frisbee Forbundet)
Anders Personsgatan 18, 416 64 Goteborg, SWEDEN
46-31-154500
46-31-151545 (F)

Swiss Flying Disc Association
Reto Zimmermann, Muhlernstrasse 139, 3098 Schlieren, SWITZERLAND

or

Paul Francz, P.O.Box 306
CH-4012 Basel, SWITZERLAND
41-61-333-85-51 (H)
41-61-324-75-38 (W)

United Kingdom Flying Disc Association
Derek Robins, 47 Crosbie Rd., Chapelfields, Coventry, CV5 8FX
ENGLAND
44-203-523523
44-203-691330
44-203-524573 (F)
forab@warwick.ac.uk (E)

or

BUF, Toby Green, 74 Old High Street, Headington
Oxford, OX3 9HW, ENGLAND
44-0865-69789
44-865-741356 (F)

United States Disc Sports
Beth & Bob Verish, 8550 Tujunga Valley Street
Sunland, CA 91040, USA
+1-818-353-6339 (H)
verish@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (E)

ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERS

Guts Players Association
Thomas Marusich, 5841 Haverhill, Dr., Lansing, MI 48910, USA
+1-517-882-1187 (H)
+1-517-487-9950 (W)
+1-517-487-2902 (F)

Professional Disc Golf Association
P.O.Box 502858, Indianapolis, IN 46250, USA
+1-317-635-4653

Ultimate Players Association
3595 E. Fountain Blvd., Suite J2
Colorado Springs, CO 80910, USA
+1-800-872-4384 (U.S)
+1-719-591-1168
+1-719-591-2461 (F)
70744.1562@compuserve.com (E)

PROVISIONAL MEMBERS

Botswana Flying Disc Club
PCV Lawrence Cranor, Madiba Secondary School
Private Bag 12, Mahalape, BOTSWANA, Southern AFRICA

Brasil Flying Disc Association
c/o Bill Presada, Caixa Postal 24
06850-947 Itapecirica de Serra, Sao Paolo, BRASIL
55-11-256-1362 (H)
55-11-65-9784 (F)

Bulgaria, c/o Joel Haskard, American Bulgarian Ctr., 26 Irechek Street
Stara Zagora 6000, BULGARIA
359-42-42061 (H)
359-42-38810 (F)

Columbia, c/o Corey Tyrell, Carrera 10 #91-16, Bogota, COLUMBIA
57-12-368-448

Costa Rica, Garrett Crosbie

Croatian Flying Disc Association
Zvonco Slavic, Istarska. 7, 52000 Pula, CROATIA
38-52-25538

Czech Flying Disc Association
Senovazne namesti 24, 128 00 Praha 2, CZECHREPUBLIC

Ethiopian Flying Disc Association
c/o Robert Houdek, US Dept. of State,Washington, D.C. 20521, USA
251-1-551002
251-1-551166 (F)

Ghana Flying disc Association
c/o Oppong Damson Arim, Valley View College, P.O.Box 9358 Accra, GHANA

Hong Kong
c/o Phil Trostel, Flat 1A, Block 2, Balmoral Gardens,
21 Razor Hill Road, Kowloon, HONGKONG
ptrostel@usthk.ust.hk (E)

Hungarian Flying Disc Association
c/o Richard Jakab, Bekesi u. 3/6/3
H-1088 Budapest, HUNGARY
36-1-133-0272 (H&F)
36-1-1 60 32 9400 (W)
36-1-183-4951 (W&F)

Iceland Flying Disc Association
Patrick Nadonley, Haaleitisdraut 107, 108 Reykjavik, ICELAND
354-1-35116

Indonesia Flying Disc Association
c/o John Ryan, SEJATI, Jalan Mendawai IV/2
Jakarta 12160, INDONESIA
62-21-717217
62-21-7341033 (H)
62-21-716562 (F)

Irish Flying Disc Association
Brendan Nolan, 17 Rochestown Ave., Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, IRELAND
353-1-852087

Israel Flying Disc Association
Tzachi Shariv, Weizmans Inst. of Science, Electronics Dept.
76100 Rehovat, ISRAEL
972-8-475318 (H)
972-8-342034 (W)
972-8-344109 (F)
feshariv@wizmann (E)

Kenya
c/o Malaki Otieno, P.O.Box 144, Machakos, KENYA
000254-145-30324

Korean Flying Disc Association
Dr. Ojoong Kim, 7-5 Non Hyun-dong,Gang Nam-gu, Seoul, KOREA
82-2-92-2601

Macau
c/o Paul Shu-Sing Wong, University of Macau, P.O. Box 3001, Macau, MACAU
853-3974520

Madagascar Flying Disc Association
Hery Ralaimaro/Nat Quansah, Bloc 12B, Anvatso II,Antanarivo 101, MADAGASCAR
261-2-40413

Malaysia Flying Disc Association
Mimaland Berhad, Suite 804, 8th floor, Plaza Magnum, 128 Jalan Puda,
55100 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

Mexico, c/o Fernando Najero, Matias Romero, #1505, Col. Narvarte
03020, Mexico D.F., MEXICO
52-5-605-4414 (H)
52-5-687-8628 (W & F)

Peoples Republic of China, c/o Zhang Zhitong, Beijing Phys. Ed. Ins.,
Haidian District 100084, Beijing, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Russian Flying Disc Association
Denis Popov, 2 Manchesterskaya, Apt. 178, St. Petersburg 194156, RUSSIA
7-812-554-1851

Singapore, c/o Ron Kaufman, 7 Siglap Rd., #12-64
Mandarin Gardens 1544, SINGAPORE
65-441-2760 (H)
65-444-8292 (F)

Spanish Flying Disc Association (Asociation Espanola de Frisbee)
Gerard Estanyol Guerrero, Pl F de Lesseps 33 Esc. D, 08023, Barcelona, SPAIN
34-3-218-7071

or

Francisco Lopez Ramon, Plaza de los Mostenses 1406
28015 Madrid, SPAIN
34-1-542-7525
34-1-542-3776 (F)

Venezuelan Flying disc Association
Jesus Loreto, Av. Universidad #2,
El Limon, Maracay, Edo. Aragua 2105, VENEZUELA
58-43-831626
58-43-414030 (F)

Zaire Flying Disc Association
Ben Bushiri, c/o BP 10466, Kinshasa, Gombe, REPUBLICDEZAIRE

or

Jean Pembele-Nzuzi, c/o Pembele/dienda, Sofimno, BP700, Kin Igonge, REPUBLICDEZAIRE
(517) 487-2902 (F)

OTHER ASSOCIATIONS

European Flying Disc Association
c/o Alex Kloetzel, Reumont str. 42, Aachen 52064, GERMANY
49-241-31367 (H)
49-241-82517 (W)

GAISF, Villa Henri, 7 Boulevard de Suisse, MC 98000
MONTE CARLO
33-93-507413

MAGAZINES, ETC.

International:

World Flying Disc Federation
c/o Johan Lindgren, Gnejsvagen 24, 853 57 Sundsvall, SWEDEN

GAISF News
Jean-Louis Meuret, 26 Route de Grandvaux, 1096 Cully SWITZERLAND
41-21-799-1182 (W)
41-21-799-1546 (F)

National:

A.F.D.A. Newsletter,
P.O. Box 149, Osborne Park, 6017, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

DISCinFORM
c/o Torben Vaering Sorensen, Rebaek Sopark 5, v.112 DK2650 Hvidorvre, DENMARK

Frisbeelagan
c/o Peter Lundmark,S.F.F., Anders Personsgatan 18 41664 Goteborg, SWEDEN

Frisbee Sport Express
c/o Wahrmann, Ybelstr 13, 8120 Weilheim i OB, GERMANY

Swiss Disc Golf News
Urs Hante, Landvogt-Waserstr 17, 8400 Winterthur, SWITZERLAND

Upside Down
c/o Marc Baume, Rue du Travail 81, 5000 Namur, BELIGIUM

Regional:

Airwaves(Mid-Atlantic)
4311 Alta Vista Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA

B.G. Disc Newsletter
P.O.Box 54, Bowling Green, KY 42102, USA

Chain Mail (Raleigh NC)
3836 Sue Ellen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27604, USA

Desert Disc Club News
704 West 12th St., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA

DiscConnection (Northern California)
PO Box 4447, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA

Disc Players S.W. News
Circular Productions, P.O.Box 792, Austin, TX 78767, USA

NEFA News
137 Chestnut St., North Reading, MA 01864, USA

Pittsburgh Flying Disc Society
1818 Morrell St., Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA

South's Sailing Circular (SE)
2426 NW 119th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32609, USA

SPIN - B.C. News
234-1367 W. Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6H 4A9, CANADA

The Floater (M.F.A.)
P.O. Box 14281, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA

The Milwaukee Breezeway
3307 North Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA

Tri-State Newsletter (NE)
176 N. Main St., Apt.6, Emmaus, PA 19049, USA

Special Interest:

Disc Golfer (PDGA)
P.O.Box 11693, Shorewood, WI 53211, USA

Disc Golf Journal.,
1801 Richardson #6, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Disc Golf World News
P.O.BOX 4474, Overland Park, KS 66204, USA

Freestyle Players Assoc.
P.O. Box 2612, San Diego, CA 92014, USA

Guts Players Assoc.
5841 Haverhill Dr., Lansing, MI 48910, USA

Ultimate Players Assoc.
3595 E. Fountain Blvd., Ste. J2, Colorado Springs, CO 80910, USA

Mail Order Catalogs:

Discovering The World
P.O. Box 911, La Mirada, CA 90637, USA

Disc Golf World
P.O.Box 4474, Overland Park, KS 66204, USA

Ultimate Stuff
C Associates, P.O. Box 14520, Washington DC 20003, USA

The Wright Life
200 Linden, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA

Computer Bulletin Boards:

PDGA Disc Golfer BBS system
+1-414-964-5111

Photostar BBS
Mike Overacker, Box 21522, Roanoke, VA 24018, USA
+1-703-774-4667

Ultimate Discs
Ernie Willvonseder, Purchase, NY, USA
+1-914-698-9164

W.F.D.F. Forum BBS system
46-60-1115371

Usenet
request rec.sport.disc or you can receive batch mailings by sending your subscription request which includes the word "subscribe" and your Internet address to the Internet address : ultimate-request@doe.carleton.ca.

If any address has changed, is wrong, incomplete or missing, please write:
WFDF, Johan Lindgren, Gnejsvagen 24, 853 57 Sundsvall, SWEDEN

ARTICLE I -- GENERAL

Outline of Contents

101. WFDF Rules

102. Spirit of the Rules

103. Construction of the Rules

103.01. Comments:

To facilitate understanding and comprehension of the rules of disc play, a comment discussing the event appears at the beginning of the set of rules pertaining to that event. The comment shall not be considered a rule; however, it may be used as an aid in interpretation of the actual rules.

103.02. Gender:

Wherever used in the rules, the use of either gender shall be applicable to both genders.

103.03. Rule Changes:

Suggestions for rule changes or additions concerning specific events are to be made to the appropriate WFDF event committees. Proposals concerning general rule considerations may be made directly to the WFDF Rules Committee (RUC).

All event committees shall submit their proposed rule documents for the coming season by November 1. The RUC shall then review the proposed rules and, through communication with the event committees, assemble the rule book for the coming season. The book shall be submitted to the Board for ratification by Jan. 1. After ratification, the rules shall be effective commencing April 1.

104. Tournaments

104.01. Entry:

To qualify for entry in a tournament, a player shall pay the entry fee set by the tournament director and by WFDF.

104.02. Tournament Director:

The tournament shall be under the management and control of a tournament director who shall oversee the entire tournament, appoint officials and delegate duties and responsibilities to said officials and other tournament personnel, interpret the rules of play when necessary, settle disputes as they arise, perform any other acts and duties required by the WFDF rules, and otherwise insure that the tournament is conducted in an efficient, professional, consistent and fair manner.

104.03. Determining Order of Play:

Whenever it is necessary to determine which player or team shall commence play or have the right to choose which field to defend, or whenever an arbitrary method of resolving a deadlock is required, the disc flipping method shall be used. This method shall be performed as follows: The two principals or their representatives shall meet, each with a disc, and shall release their respective discs, with a flipping motion, into the air. The principal or representative shall choose the "same" or "different" position while the discs are in the air and the other principal or representative shall receive the choice not taken. The principals or representatives shall then permit the discs to come to rest without impeding the discs' movements. If both discs come to rest in a right side up or upside down position, the principal or representative with the "same" position choice wins the flip. If one disc is right side up and the other is upside down, the principal or representative with the "different" position choice wins the flip.

105. Classification of Players

105.01. Open Division

All players who do not qualify for any other division or choose not to compete in any other division.

105.02. Women's Division

Available only to female players. The women's division may be further subdivided into junior, master, grand master, senior grand master, or legends divisions, depending upon the number of female players who would qualify for said divisions.

105.03. Junior Division

Available to players who do not reach their 19th or subsequent birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament concludes.

105.04. Under-Twelve Division

Available to players who do not reach their 12th or subsequent birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament concludes.

105.05. Master Division

Available to players who reach at least their 35th birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament begins. Master division for Ultimate play begins at 30 years of age.

105.06. Grand Master Division

Available to players who reach at least their 45th birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament begins.

105.07. Senior Grand Master Division

Available to players who reach at least their 55th birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament begins.

105.08. Legends Division

Available to players who reach at least their 65th birthdays during the calendar year in which the tournament begins.

105.09. Suspension of Classification

A tournament director may suspend one or more of the divisions for a given tournament if fewer than five persons at a tournament qualify for that division. If a division is suspended, the players who would have qualified for that division shall compete in another division in which they qualify, or the open division.

105.10. Choice of Divisions

If a player qualifies for more than one division, he shall choose which division he shall compete in prior to the start of play, and shall not compete in any other division throughout the duration of the tournament.

106. National Teams

106.01.

A foreigner who wishes to compete on a national team in a world championship must have lived continuously in that country for at least two consecutive years immediately prior to the tournament.

106.02.

A national team may have a maximum of two "foreign" players as defined in 106.01.

106.03.

A player who has lived continuously in a country for at least five consecutive years immediately prior to the tournament is no longer considered a "foreign" player on that national team's roster.

106.04.

World championship organizers shall provide each national team with an official roster form on which to list each player's name and his nationality or "foreign" player status. This form is to be returned to the organizers prior to the tournament.

107. Discs Used in Play

107.01.

To be used in competition, discs must:

A.

Have a saucer-like configuration with a flight plate unbroken by holes and an inner rim depth (that portion of the rim that is generally vertical to the flight plate), which is at least 5 percent of the outside diameter measurement;

B.

be made of solid plastic material, without any inflatable components;

C.

have not be less than 21 cm of outside diameter, nor exceed 40 cm of outside diameter;

D.

achieve a rim configuration rating of 26 or greater (see section 108[D]);

E.

have a leading edge radius that is greater than 1/16 in (1.6 mm) (see Section 108[E]);

F.

(beginning Jan. 1, 1995) be sufficiently flexible to bend to the buckling point when subjected to no more than 12.3 kg (27 lb) of weight in a standard testing procedure (see Section 108[F]);

G.

weigh no more than 8.3 gm per cm of outside diameter and shall weigh no more than 200 gm regardless of size;

H.

be essentially as produced, without any post-production modifications which affect weight or flight characteristics;

I.

present no unreasonable danger to players or spectators;

J.

be a production-type disc available commercially to the public in numbers of at least 1,500 and,

K.

be specifically approved by the event director if questioned by any player in the contest, but in no case will the disc be approved if it is in violation of any of the above specifications.

107.02.

Additional disc specifications relative to a particular event may be found in the rules for that event.

108. Test Methods For Discs

A. Establish The Outside Disc Diameter

This attribute will be recorded using a pair of calipers with a 40 cm measuring capacity. Measurements will be taken from two transects at right angles to one another across the long axis of the disc. By taking two measurements, any potential effects due to warpage are factored out. These measurements will then be averaged.

B. Establish The Rim Depth

The disc shall be laid on its top with the rim up. If the disc is warped the measurements shall be taken where the measurement will be the smallest after the disc has been laid flat to remove the effect of warpage as much a possible. A straight edge shall be laid across from rim to rim and measurements taken at the point where the rim meets the flight plate to the straight edge. This measurement shall be established is multiplied by the allowable minimum percentage of rim depth. The measured depth must be greater than or equal to the calculated minimum allowable.

C. Establish The Disc Weight

Multiply the previously established outside rim diameter by the maximum allowed weight per cm of diameter. The measured weight must be less than or equal to the calculated maximum allowable.

D. Establish Rim Configuration

The rim of the disc shall be held perpendicular to a contour gauge having 13 probes per cm (such as the Valued ST142). The rim of the disc shall then be pressed into the gauge to a depth of 5 mm. The resulting movement of probes is to be evaluated with the movement of each probe being measured to the nearest 0.25 mm. The measurements for all affected probes are then totaled to produce the rim configuration rating. The ratings of three examples shall be determined with the median score used.

E. Establish Leading Edge Radius

This attribute will be evaluated through the use of a 1/16 in (1.6 mm) radius gauge. To pass this test, the leading edge of the disc must not contact the gauge (see Fig. 1.1)

F. Establish Disc Flexibility

The disc is to be held on its edge, in a vertical position perpendicular to a weight scale (see Figure 1.2[A]). The upper rim of the disc shall then be gradually pressed down within a period of 5 seconds. The flexiblity rating is the maximum force measured prior to when the buckling point of the disc is reached (see Figure 1.2[B]). The temperature of the disc is to be no higher than 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) when the test is made. For approval of a specific model, the ratings of three examples shall be determined with the median score being used.

109. Disqualifications

110. Protests

110.01

Whenever a disc player chooses to challenge a decision made by a tournament director or official or a result entered at a tournament, he shall file a written protest to WFDF, or an official designated by WFDF to handle protests, within 10 days of the occurrence giving rise to the dispute. The protest shall be reviewed and either upheld, dismissed or held in abeyance pending investigation, at the discretion of WFDF or its designated official. An investigation may include interviewing any or all individuals with personal knowledge of the circumstances involved in the dispute, or conducting a hearing, if deemed necessary. A decision shall be made without undue delay with the results of the decision being served upon the tournament director in question and the protesting player. All decisions are final and not appealable.

110.02. Upholding Protest

The WFDF Board or designated official shall uphold a protest whenever it is established, by clear and convincing evidence, that the tournament director or other tournament official intentionally or knowingly:

A.

falsified tournament results;

B.

improperly aided or made calls or decisions for the purpose of giving unfair advantage or disadvantage to one or more players;

C.

improperly impeded the play of a player, whether physically or by calls or decisions, to the benefit of one or more other players;

D.

disqualified a player from play without cause;

E.

otherwise performed any act designed to create an unfair advantage or disadvantage to one or more players;

F.

accepted a bribe or other remuneration from a player or other person in exchange for performing any acts set forth in 'A' through 'E' herein.

110.03. Denial of Protest

WFDF Board or other designated official shall deny any protest which has as its subject matter any of the following:

A.

a call or decision made by a tournament director or other official when a call or decision was made in good faith, regardless of the outcome;

B.

a call or decision made by a tournament director or other official when the call or decision resulted in an unfair advantage or disadvantage, being created when the advantage or disadvantage created was not the motivating reason for the call or decision;

C.

any act committed by a player. Improper acts of a player shall be treated at the tournament level.

110.04. Effect on Protesting Player

If a protest is upheld, the WFDF Board or other designated officials shall, if possible, attempt to put the protesting player in the position he would have been in were it not for the circumstances leading to the protest.

110.05. Sanction

If a protest is upheld, the WFDF Board or other designated official may sanction the offending tournament director, tournament official or other persons in the manner and to the extent deemed appropriate. Possible sanctions may include, but are not limited to: disqualification of a player retroactive to the tournament in question; suspension of a player, tournament director or other official for a defined or indefinite period of time; barring of player from tournament play or affiliation, or the stripping of a title or record if the title or record was achieved as a result of improper conduct leading to the protest.

111. Suspension of Rules

111.01

A tournament director shall have the discretion to suspend or change one or more of the rules set forth in Article II through VIII herein or an additional rule not set forth, if applying the rules as set forth would be impractical, cumbersome or impossible, or would unduly create a significant advantage or disadvantage for one or more players; providing the suspension, alteration or addition occurs prior to the start of the tournament, will not unduly prejudice other players and is made known to all players prior to the start of a tournament. The tournament director shall set forth in his report to WFDF any suspension, alteration or addition of rules and the reasons for said action.

111.02. Effect on Potential Records

A suspension, alteration or addition of any rule as set forth in section 111.01 may be cause for the WFDF Board or other sanctioning body to refuse recognition of a record set or tied at a tournament, if the rule change was a factor to any degree in the record being set.

112. Rule Books

112.01. Publication

The WFDF rules shall be published and appear in a book, pamphlet or other printed material. The effective date of the rules shall be conspicuously noted on the initial page or cover of said printed addition.

112.02. Inspection

A copy of the WFDF rules, then in effect, shall be present for inspection by any player upon request at any WFDF sanctioned tournament. A player may request a copy of the rules for his own use and shall be provided with same upon receipt of the request by WFDF or its agent and upon payment of a nominal fee as set by WFDF.

ARTICLE II -- DOUBLE DISC COURT

The purpose of the following rules is to provide a guideline which describes the way the game is played. Disc sports have traditionally relied on a spirit of sportsmanship which places the responsibility for fair play on the players themselves. Highly competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of the bond of mutual respect between players, adherence to the agreed upon rules of the game, or the basic enjoyment of play. Protection of these vital elements serves to eliminate adverse conduct from the playing field. Such actions as taunting the opposing players, dangerous aggression, intentional violation of the rules, or other "win-at-all-costs" behavior are contrary to the spirit of the game and must be avoided by all players. Violations which compromise this understanding may result in penalties or disqualification by the tournament director.

Outline of Contents

201. Interpretation

202. Field of Play

202.01. Dimensions:

The double disc court shall consist of two square areas measuring 13 m per side known as courts, which are set 17 m apart. The minimum distance between neighboring courts shall be 5 m. Spectators shall not be positioned closer than 2 m to a court, with 5 m suggested if possible (see Figure 2.1).

202.02. Surface:

The double disc court may have any surface (well-trimmed grass is recommended) which is essentially flat, free of obstructions and holes, and affords reasonable player safety.

202.03. Boundary Lines:

The boundary lines shall lie flat on the surface and mark the area of each court. The boundary lines are not part of the courts, they are out-of-bounds. The boundary lines shall be marked with a cord having a diameter not larger than 10 mm nor smaller than 5 mm.

202.04. Corner Markers:

The corners of the courts shall be marked with cones made of a brightly-colored flexible material. The cones shall not be larger than 13 cm nor smaller than 9 cm in height and width. The corner markers shall be centered on the corners of the courts and are considered out-of-bounds.

203. Discs

A.

Any flying discs meeting WFDF specifications set forth in Article I may be used as long as they meet the specific requirements of 203 B and are acceptable to both teams.

B. Special Restrictions:

For game design and safety considerations, discs in play must meet both the W.F.D.F. general disc specifications (section 107) and these additional specifications:

(1) Rim configuration:

must achieve a rim configuration rating of 75 or greater (may not be bevelled - see section 108[D]).

(2) Weight:

must weigh no more than 6.7 gm per cm of outside diameter.

(3) Rigidity:

must be sufficiently flexible to bend to the point of buckling when subjected to no more than 9.1 kg (20 lb) of weight in a standard testing procedure (see section 108[F]).

C.

If teams cannot agree, the official discs for play will be two orange 23A or 23B mold Frisbee brand discs weighing approximately 110 gm.

D.

If the teams cannot agree upon two specific official discs for play as described in 203 C, two options are available:

(1)

each team shall supply one official disc for play of the match; or,

(2)

if that solution is not acceptable to both teams they shall resolve the disagreement through the disc flipping method set forth in 104.03 of the WFDF rules. The team winning the flip shall then supply both official discs for the match.

204. Rules of Play

204.01. Procedures of Play:

A. Preliminary Considerations:

Prior to the start of play, the teams shall resolve the preliminary considerations through the disc flipping method (104.03). The team winning the flip shall have its choice on one of the three options for the first exchange of the match:

(1)

which court they will defend; or,

(2)

which team shall initiate; or,

(3)

which team shall declare its server.

The team losing the flip shall then have its choice on one of the two remaining options, leaving the final option to the team winning the flip.

B. Readiness:

Each team shall prepare for the commencement of play by standing within the court it shall defend. A player on each team shall be in possession of a disc and prepared to serve it. The server of the initiation team must establish and maintain a position in the court during the 3 seconds prior to the beginning of the serving call. After the beginning of the serving call, that player and all others may move as they wish. Serves must be made from within the court.

C. Service:

Upon a serving call from the non-serving member of the initiation team, play begins by a player from each team throwing simultaneously. Players on a team must alternate serves. The serving call shall be a count of, "Ready, Two, One, Throw". There shall be equal time intervals between each word in the count. The total time of the count shall not be shorter than 2 seconds nor longer than 3.5 seconds. Servers must throw on the word "Throw". Immediately prior to the serving call, the player making the call shall announce the current game score, giving the initiation team's score first.

D. Incorrect Service:

If an incorrect serving call is given, the non-initiation team may call, "Bad call". If a server throws early, the opponents may call, "Early". If a server throws late, the opponents may call, "Late". To be valid, these calls must be made immediately. The team making the call then may either take any points they have scored on the service, replay the service or if the service resulted in both discs being caught, they may play on after all players are ready. See section 207 for the definition of the "play on" procedure.

E. Incorrect Servers:

If any player realizes that a service took place using incorrect servers, he must call, "Wrong servers" immediately. If the call is made before either: a serve touches the ground, or before a subsequent throw in the exchange: the service must be redone correctly regardless of the outcome of the service. Otherwise, play continues to the conclusion of the exchange with points scored being duly awarded. Regardless, the next service in the match shall return to the correct serving combination.

F. Initiation:

The initiation on the first exchange of a game shall be determined as per section 204.01(A). On subsequent exchanges and replays in a game, the initiation team shall be the team having won the previous point. In matches of more than one game, the initiation team on the first exchange of each new game shall be the team having won the previous game.

G. Serving Combinations:

The serving combinations for the first game of a match shall be determined as per section 204.01 (A). In matches of more than one game, the serving combinations shall alternate from one game to the next; i.e., if player A of team A/B and player C of team C/D were a serving combination in the first game, player A should serve against player D and player B should serve against player C in the second game. In the first exchange after any alternation of serving combinations, the initiation team declares its server.

H. Court Switches:

During a game, teams shall switch courts after every five points total are accumulated. In matches of more than one game, the team losing the previous game has its choice of court for the next game in the match.

I. Time Outs:

Time out periods shall be 1 minute in duration and may be called by either team between exchanges. Each team is permitted 1 time out per game.

J. Pace of Play:

After the end of an exchange and determination of points, teams shall retrieve their discs without delay and prepare to serve. The initiation team must begin the serving call within 10 seconds after all players are ready. Breaks between games in a match shall not exceed 3 minutes in duration. Breaks between scheduled matches in a round shall not exceed 5 minutes in duration. These time limits are to serve as general guidelines for the normal pace of play. Special situations such as weather conditions may require consideration.

204.02 Play:

A. General Procedure:

Both discs shall be used during the exchange. Play is accomplished by:

(1)

the players attempting to throw a disc into the opponents' court such that it lands with a legal angle and stops without ever having touched out-of-bounds; or,

(2)

the players attempting to cause both discs to be touched simultaneously by a player or players on the opposing team.

Play continues until a disc touches out-of-bounds, stops dead in the court, or until both discs are touched simultaneously by a player or players on one team. If a disc touches the ground inside the court and is then touched by a player prior to the point being determined, the point is scored for the opponent.

B. The Impasse:

When ever during an exchange a player on each team holds a disc an impasse occurs. It is the responsibility of the initiation team to throw within 4 seconds of the time the impasse occurred, unless their opponents choose to break the impasse by throwing. If the initiation team fails to initiate correctly, the opponents may call, "Stalling".See section 204.07 for the call procedure.

C. Deformation:

When a court or disc is deformed during the exchange, either team may call, "Court" or, "Disc" to request that the court be restored to its official shape, or the disc be replaced at the next impasse. After restoration or replacement, play may continue with all players ready and in their respective court positions which they held at the impasse. See section 207 for the definition of the "play on" procedure.

D. Interference:

Should a disc or player be interfered with by the actions of an outside agent, such as a spectator or animal, a replay of the exchange will be allowed if it is determined that play was altered by the interference.

E. Coaching:

Coaching of players shall not be permitted during the exchange. Other coaching is permitted provided the pace-of-play rules are not violated.

204.03 Throwing:

A. Court Position:

A player's court position is a 1 m diameter circle centered directly under the center of his hips. Court position is established at the coincidence of a catch and contact with the ground. Should the disc be caught out-of-bounds, the court position is centered at the nearest point inside the court from the point where it was caught. If momentum carries a player closer to the opponents court after a catch and ground contact, the player must back-step the forward distance gained in order to establish a court position. If momentum carries a player in any direction not closer to the opponents court, the court position will be established where the player stops. A player moving laterally or toward the rear of the court while making a catch, may throw before establishing a court position only if the throw is made prior to the player making 3 ground contacts after the catch.

Other than the serve, each throw must be made with a supporting point on the court position or with no part of the thrower in contact with the ground, in which case the last contact with the ground must have been at the court position.

B. Traveling:

A player has traveled if all contact with the court position is removed and subsequent ground contact is made elsewhere while still holding the disc. If a player throws after traveling, the opponents may call, "Traveling". See section 204.07 for call procedure.

C. Line Faults:

If a thrower is legally on the court position and in contact with the boundary line during a throw, the opponents may call, "Line fault". See section 204.07 for call procedure.

D. Throws from Out-of-Bounds:

Throws made with a supporting point completely out-of-bounds, or, from mid-air with the last supporting point contact having been out-of-bounds, are scored for the opponent.

E. Landing-Angle Restrictions:

All throws must strike the ground at an angle of 30 degrees or less from horizontal except for a throw that rolls away from the thrower upon initial ground contact and is under 2.5 m as it passes the opponents' front line.

When it appears that a disc will hit the ground with illegal angle, the non-throwing team may call, "Angle". This call must be made prior to the disc hitting the ground. See section 204.07 for call procedure.

F. Offensive Interference:

If a player is hit above the knees by a high velocity shot while he is in position to play a lead shot, the defending team may call, "Offensive interference" and a replay is taken. If it is determined that the defending player intentionally moved into the shot, there is no replay and the exchange is scored under the usual rules.

G. Late Throws:

Competitive throws made after a point has been scored are considered to be late and may not score for the thrower. However, late throws shall be scored for the opponents of the throwing team if the throw goes out-of-bounds.

204.04. Catching:

A. General Procedure:

A player may use one or both hands to catch a disc. Legal catches include, in addition to the standard catches, those that are made with simultaneous contact with the ground or boundary lines, those that are made with simultaneous contact between teammates, and those that are made without the use of hands, such as body traps.

A player may catch a disc that has been tipped or bobbled by his teammate. A disc caught simultaneously by both players on a team may be thrown by either player.

B. Double-Touch:

If a player or team touches both discs at the same time or uses a disc in their possession to touch the other disc, a "double-touch" has been committed. When the attacking team observes what they believe to be a double-touch by their opponents, they may call, "Two" immediately after the assumed double. If the defending team agrees with the call, play stops and 2 points are scored for the attacking team. If the defending team does not agree, they must call, "No" immediately after the call of, "Two" and play on without interruption until the next impasse or undisputed score occurs. At that time players must maintain their court position and any disputed calls shall be discussed and determined in the order in which they occurred. If a disputed call is resolved such that a point or points are scored, the exchange is ended. If, however, it is determined that none of the disputed calls result in a point or points scored, then either: any undisputed points which have been scored are awarded, or play should continue after all players are ready. See section 207 for the definition of the "play on" procedure. In games using observers, the observer for the court is to call, "Double" or, "Clean" immediately after any disputed call. A confirming call of, "Double" ends the exchange and a call of, "Clean" indicates that the exchange is not to be affected by the erroneous double call.

204.05. Tipping:

A. General Procedure:

Tipping is a standard method of escaping double touch situations and is usually done with the first disc touched by a team. Except in escape situations, teams are allowed only one tip. An escape situation occurs when both discs are thrown at the same court. Violations of this rule constitute traveling. See section 204.07 for call procedure.

In all non-catching contacts, the disc must be sharply struck. Tips and air-brushes are legal provided the disc is not held in prolonged contact or lifted while being touched. Any prolonged contact with the disc, including a delay or an illegal tip, constitutes a catch.

B. Two-Handed Tips:

Two-handed tips and air-brushes must comply with section 204.05(A) and meet the additional restriction that no pair of opposite sides of the disc are touched simultaneously.

204.06. Scoring:

A. General Procedures:

Whenever a thrown disc comes to rest completely inside the court, having landed at a legal angle, and having never touched out of-bounds, a point is scored by the team attacking that court. Whenever a thrown disc touches any out-of-bounds area, a point is scored by the opponents of the team that last touched the disc. A disc which comes to rest inside the court and which is breaking the vertical plane of the inside edge of the boundary line, but not touching it, is considered out-of-bounds. A point is scored by the opposing team whenever, during play:

(1)

a thrown disc is touched and dropped by a player;

(2)

a player touches his own throw or his teammate's throw;

(3)

a player hands the disc to his teammate.

Whenever a player or team touches both discs simultaneously during play, two points are scored by the opposing team.

B. The Break:

Whenever both discs land and the result is a scoring situation against each team, a break occurs. No points are scored and play is restarted, using the other serving combination of the game.

C. Mid-Air Contact:

If the two discs make mid-air contact at any time, a point will be scored by the opponents for each disc that lands and stops in a team's court. If a player or team touches one or two discs after the contact, which they subsequently fail to catch, their opponents receive a point for each dropped disc, in or out of the court. After mid-air contact, no further throws may be made and the landing-angle restriction and double-touch rules do not apply for the remainder of the exchange. A replay is taken when no points are scored, or when the result is a point scored against each team.

204.07. Infractions:

A. General Procedure:

In order to make a call of an infraction (traveling, line fault, or stalling), the call must be made during or immediately after the occurrence. The angle infraction call must be made prior to the disc hitting the ground. If the team on which the call is made accepts the call as valid, play stops immediately with any throws made after the occurrence being of no consequence. The team making the call then may either:

(1)

dismiss the infraction with any points that have been scored in the exchange being awarded without consideration of an infraction; or,

(2)

charge their opponents with an infraction and replay the exchange.

On the third and subsequent instances of a team being charged with any combination of infractions in a game, the team not committing the infraction is also awarded one point if they choose the replay option.

B. Disputed Calls:

If a player disagrees with an infraction call, that player must call, "No" immediately following the infraction call and play continues without interruption until the next impasse or undisputed score occurs. At that time, players must maintain their court positions and any disputed calls shall be discussed and determined in the order in which they occurred. If a call is determined to be valid, the team making the call then chooses from the options listed under section 204.07(A). If no calls are determined to be valid, then either the undisputed points which have been scored are awarded, or play continues after all players are ready. See section 207 for the definition of the "play on" procedure.

C. Offsetting Infractions:

In the event that one or more valid infraction calls are made against each team during the same exchange, the infractions shall be considered to offset one another. The exchange is to be replayed with no infraction being charged to either team.

205. Observers

205.01.

Observers shall have the following responsibilities:

A.

to keep the score and announce it when players switch courts, or when requested

B.

to announce the time for players to switch courts

C.

to keep a tally of all infractions

D.

to call line faults

E.

to immediately rule on disputed double calls as outlined in section 204.04(B)

F.

Time the breaks between games and the time-outs. Announce when these time periods have expired.

G.

to resolve any disputed calls, when requested by a player

If players on both teams disagree with the observer's call, it may be overruled, if all players concur. Furthermore, it is expected that players will voluntarily overrule a call resulting in their favor when they are certain the call was in error.

206. Tournament Procedures

206.01. Late Arrival:

Should a player or team arrive more than 5 minutes late for the scheduled start of a game, that team forfeits that game and all games in the round.

206.02. Scratched Games:

Should a player or team fail to play any game in a round, that team forfeits all their games in the round, including any that may have already been played and won by that team.

206.03. Suggested Competitive Formats:

A. Semi-Finals and Finals:

The semi-finals shall consist of 4 teams. If the 4 teams come from a single pool, the team which won the previous round chooses their semi-final opponent from among the other 3 teams. This choice must be made at least 1 hour prior to the scheduled start of the semifinals. The 2 teams not chosen shall also play a semi-final match. If the 4 teams come from 2 pools, the winners of each pool play the second place teams from the other pool. Semi-final matches are to consist of a best 3 out of 5 games to 15 points, win by 2, with a cap at 21. The winning team from each match advances to the final, which consists of a best 3 out of 5 games to 15 points, win by 2, with no cap.

B. Competitions of 5 to 10 Teams:

(1) Preliminary Round

The teams shall be placed in a seeded round-robin pool and shall complete 1 game to a score of 21 points, win by 2, cap at 25, against each team. The 4 teams with the best records shall advance to the semi-final round.

C. Competitions of 11 to 20 Teams:

(1) Preliminary Round

The teams shall be divided into 2 seeded pools for round-robin play and shall play 1 game to 21 points, win by 2, cap at 25, against each team. The 2 teams with the best records in each pool shall advance to the semi-final round.

D. Competitions of 21 to 50 teams:

(1) Preliminary Round

The teams shall be divided into 5 seeded pools of 4 to 10 teams each, for round-robin play, and shall play 1 game to 15 points, win by 2, cap at 21, against each team. The 2 teams with the best records in each pool shall advance to the second round.

(2) Second Round

The 10 remaining teams shall compete in a round-robin "A" pool playing 1 game to 21 points, win by 2, cap at 25, against each team. The 4 teams with the best records shall advance to the semi-final round. Additionally, the teams that placed 3rd and 4th in the preliminary round shall compete in a similar round-robin "B" pool to establish their rank from 11th to 20th.

E. Competitions of 51 to 100 teams:

(1) Preliminary Round

The teams shall be divided into 10 seeded pools of 5 to 10 teams each for round-robin play, and shall play 1 game to 15 points, win by 2, cap at 21, against each team. The 2 teams with the best records in each pool shall advance to the second round.

(2) Second Round

The winners of the first round pools choose their opponents from among the second place teams of each pool. The order of choice shall be determined by the winners' point margin vs. the second place team in their preliminary pool. No team may play a team that they played in the preliminary round. The teams shall play 2 out of 3 games to 15, win by 2, cap at 21. The winners of each match shall advance to the third round.

(3) Third Round

The 10 remaining teams shall compete in a round robin "A" pool playing 1 game to 21 points, win by 2, cap at 25, against each team. The 4 teams with the best records shall advance to the semi-final round. Additionally, the teams that lost their second round matches shall compete in a similar round-robin "B" pool to establish their rank from 11th to 20th, and the teams finishing 3rd in the preliminary pools shall compete in a similar round robin "C" pool to establish their rank from 21st to 30th.

206.04. Tie-Breaking Procedures:

In round-robin play, ties in which two teams have identical win/loss records, are broken by virtue of the head-to-head match in that round. If three or more teams are tied, the following procedures are used:

A. Advancement of One Team:

(1)

If one of the teams has the best record against the other teams with whom they are tied in that round, advance that team.

(2)

If the tie remains, rank the net point totals of each team from those games played against the other tied teams, and advance the team with the best net point total.

(3)

If two teams are tied for the best net point total, advance the team that won the head-to-head match in that round.

(4)

If more than two teams are tied for the best net point total, advance the team with the best point margin vs. the one team in that round ranked just below the tied teams.

(5)

If the tie remains, the disc flipping method (104.03) shall be used to determine the one team that advances.

B. Advancement of an Additional Team:

(1)

If advancement must be decided between two teams which remain from a previous three team tie, the head-to-head match in that round shall be used.

(2)

If advancement must be decided between three or more teams which remain from a previous four or more team tie, advance the team which has the best record against the other teams with whom they are tied in that round.

(3)

If the tie remains, rank the net point totals of each team from those games played against the remaining tied teams, and advance the team with the best net point total.

(4)

If the tie remains, advance the team with the best point margin vs. the one team in that round that ranked just below the tied teams.

(5)

If the tie still remains, the disc flipping method (104.03) shall be used to determine the one team that advances.

207. Glossary

ARTICLE III -- GUTS

Outline of Contents

301. Field of Play

301.01. Dimensions:

The field of play shall consist of two parallel lines, designated as foul or goal lines, parallel to each other and 14 m apart (15 yd, 11 in). The line shall be equal to the cumulative width of the scoring zones of the players on the team behind the respective line.

301.02. Surface:

The playing field may have any surface, although well-trimmed grass is suggested, which is essentially flat, free of obstructions and holes, and affords reasonable player safety.

301.03. Markings:

The foul or goal lines shall be marked with a non caustic material and shall be between 5 and 10 cm wide. The length of the lines shall be 15 m. As an alternative, a rope along the foul line, secured in place at the end of each line may be used. The choice of whether to use the rope shall be made by the tournament director prior to the start of play.

301.04. Spectator Control:

The entire playing area shall be separated from the spectators by lines or rope to insure spectator safety and prevent unnecessary interference of play.

302. Equipment

302.01. The Disc:

The Pro model Frisbee disc is the disc to be used for guts. In non-sanctioned competition, any disc may be used if agreed upon by both teams.

302.02. Protective Clothing:

Players may wear any soft protective clothing other than that set forth in 302.03, so long as it does not endanger the safety of any other player.

302.03. Gloves:

Gloves may be worn on the hands but shall be unpadded, not exceeding one thickness of leather over the palm. Players are not allowed to use tack cloths or sticky substances which remain on the disc.

302.04. Uniforms:

The players of a team shall not be required to wear uniforms to distinguish them from the players of the other team.

302.05. Cleats:

Cleats are permitted, however, players may not use any cleats which have any metal exposed.

303. Rules of Play

303.01. Rules in Effect:

The WFDF rules of play shall govern play for guts, except that a game may be played under any variations of the rules, if said variations are agreed upon by the two teams. In tournament play, such variations are subject to the approval of the tournament director.

A. Determining Possession:

To determine which team will have possession at the start of the game, the disc flipping method shall be used as set forth in Article I of WFDF rules. The winner of the flip has the option of choosing to make the first throw or choosing the side of the field they will defend. The loser of the flip shall be given the remaining choice. In a two out of three match, the team losing each game has the option to choose first in the following game.

B. Start of Play:

Prior to commencing the exchange, the team designated to make the first throw shall choose a thrower. The thrower shall signal his intention to deliver the throw by raising his arm and shall wait for a corresponding signal of readiness from the receiving team. After the readiness signal is received, all players on the throwing team, other than the thrower, shall hold their positions until the exchange is initiated.

C. Readiness:

Prior to the commencement of the exchange, a player on the receiving team shall signal his team's readiness to accept the throw, either vocally or by raising his arm. At that time, all players on the receiving team shall be positioned with their toes on the goal line and at such a distance apart that two players in adjacent positions shall be able to touch finger tips by extending their respective arms parallel to the ground in the direction of each other. Each player must remain in their position until the throw is released.

D. The Exchange:

The exchange consists of the throw and the attempted catch, and ends upon a catch being made or a point being scored.

E. Movement by Receiving Team:

Once the disc is released by the thrower, players on the receiving team may move in any direction.

F. Play:

Play is accomplished by continuing one exchange after the next until one team scores enough points to win the game. After an exchange is completed, the teams shall alternate their roles such that the team that was the throwing team on the previous exchange shall become the receiving team, and vice versa.

303.02. Throwing

A. Designation of Thrower:

The designation of a player to be the thrower for a given exchange shall be made by one of the following methods, depending upon the circumstances:

(1) Option of Throwing Team:

The throwing team shall choose the thrower for an exchange for the initial throw of the game.

(2) Contingent Upon Previous Exchange:

Whenever a player makes a good catch while his team is receiving, that player shall be the thrower on the subsequent exchange. If two players are equidistant from the throw and both fail to touch it, then the throwing team will decide which of the two players shall return the throw. Whenever the players on the receiving team fail to make a good catch, but do touch the disc during the exchange, the player who first touched the disc shall be the thrower on the subsequent exchange.

B. Good Throw:

A good throw is made when all of the following requirements are met:

(1)

The throw travels to or through the scoring zone of a player on the receiving team, reaching the goal line prior to touching the ground;

(2)

The throw crosses or hits the goal line topside up at an angle of less than 90 degrees to the ground;

(3)

The throw is released while the thrower's supporting points are behind the foul line; and

(4)

The disc is not intentionally bent to alter its true flight.

C. Positioning of Teammates:

Teammates of the thrower may stand anywhere behind the foul line during the throwing exchange so long as their location does not obstruct the vision of, or otherwise distract the receiving team.

D. Fouls:

Fouls occur whenever the thrower steps on the line before or during the release. Fouls shall be called by a designated player of the throwing team as they occur. The player designated shall be located on one end of the foul line to provide a clear view of the position of the thrower relative to the line.

303.03. Catching:

A. Definition:

A clean catch shall satisfy all of the following requirements:

(1)

The disc shall be held solely in one hand long enough to establish complete control;

(2)

The disc shall not be touched by any two parts of a player's body at any one time; and

(3)

The disc shall not touch the ground prior to all other prerequisites being satisfied.

303.04. Scoring Zone:

A. Definition:

The scoring zone is an area within which a receiving player, by using optimum effort, can reach an on-coming disc without leaving his feet. The scoring zone is in effect a two-dimensional vertical plane, perpendicular to the field and intersecting the field at the goal line. The perimeter of the scoring zone is delineated as follows:

(1)

The bottom of the plane shall be the goal line;

(2)

The top of the plane is an imaginary line, directly above and parallel to the goal line, which intersects the top of the longest finger of the longer arm of the receiving player when said arm is extended upward and perpendicular to the ground;

(3)

The sides of the plane are imaginary lines, one on each side of the player, perpendicular to the goal line and the top of the plane, which intersect the outstretched longest fingers of each arm of the player when his arms are held parallel to the goal line.

B. Optimum Effort:

A player shall not be required to leave the ground to reach a throw. If a receiving player does move in such a way (such as jump) as to vertically increase his reach beyond his optimum effort, a throw by or below the required outstretched hand shall constitute a good throw, notwithstanding that the throw may have been outside the player's original scoring zone prior to the movement. By moving vertically, a player increases the height of his scoring zone.

303.05. Scoring:

A. Game:

Each game shall be played until one team scores 21 points, with a margin of victory of at least two points.

(1)

A game with a score of 20 to 20 goes into overtime and play continues until a two- point margin is achieved by a team.

(2)

Teams should switch ends of court at 11-point (cumulative) intervals.

B. Points:

(1)

A point shall be scored by the throwing team whenever a good throw is made into a scoring zone of one of the receiving players and the receiving team fails to make a good catch, unless a foul was committed by the throwing team, in which case no point is scored.

(2)

A point shall be scored by the receiving team whenever the throwing team fails to make a good throw, unless the failure was the result of a foul, in which no point is scored. The receiving team shall not be required to make a good catch if a good throw is not made.

(3)

A good throw by the throwing team with a corresponding good catch by the receiving team shall not be scored as a point for either team.

303.06. Substitutions:

A. When Allowable:

Substitutions may be made, at any time, after one team reaches 11 points in the match. Further, there shall be no restrictions on a player returning to play after having left for a substitution.

B. Injury:

A team may substitute, at any time, for an injured player. Further, a team may substitute a player who is not a member of the team, for an injured player, as long as that player is not registered as a player on any other guts team in the tournament. The injured player is not permitted to return for the remainder of the match.

303.07. Judging:

A. General:

The players shall generally make the calls in the match. Usually the thrower shall make calls on the throw and the receiver shall make calls on the catch.

B. Disputes:

In the event of a dispute, the team captains shall meet to discuss and resolve the dispute. If the dispute cannot be resolved, the throw attempt shall be repeated.

C. Observers:

At their discretion, the captains, or the captains and the tournament director, may decide to select up to three experienced individuals, who are not participating in the game, to act as observers. The duty of the observer is to carefully watch the action of the game for the sole purpose of rendering a decision in the event of a dispute that cannot be resolved. Observers shall remain passive and shall not make any calls on their own initiative.

(1)

When a dispute arises which cannot be resolved by the players involved or their captains, the observers may be called upon by the captains to make the call. The observer with the best view of the play makes the call. If the observers choose, they may discuss the play among themselves before rendering a decision.

(2)

By calling in the observers, the teams agree to abide by the observers' decision.

(3)

Use of observers will be based on the observer's handbook.

304. Glossary

ARTICLE IV -- ULTIMATE

Outline of Contents

401. Spirit of the Game

402. Field of Play

402.01. Dimensions:

The field of play consists of a 70 yd by 40 yd rectangle (approximately 64 m x 37 m) called the playing field, with a 25 yd by 40 yd rectangle (approximately 23 m x 37 m) called an endzone aligned along each of the 40 yd (37 m) sides. See figure 4.1.

402.02. Surface:

The playing field may have any surface, although well trimmed grass is suggested, which is essentially flat, free of obstructions and holes, and affords reasonable player safety.

402.03. Goal Lines:

Goal lines are lines which separate the playing field proper from the endzones and are part of the playing field proper.

402.04. Perimeter Lines:

Perimeter lines (sidelines and endlines) are lines separating the playing field from the out-of-bounds area and are not part of the playing field.

402.05. Markers:

The corners of the playing field proper and the endzones are marked by cones made of a brightly colored, flexible material.

402.06. Restraining Line:

A restraining line shall be established 5 m from the playing field to ensure that the sidelines remain clear during play.

402.07. Line Markings:

All lines shall be marked with a non-caustic material and shall be between 2 in and 4 in (approximately 5 cm and 10 cm) wide.

403. Equipment

403.01. Disc:

Any flying disc may be used as long as it is acceptable to both team captains and meets the requirements set forth in Article I of the WFDF rules. If the captains cannot agree, a disc designated by the WFDF Ultimate Committee as an official disc for the event shall be used. If no such disc has been designated,any disc designated by the WFDF Ultimate Committee as an approved disc for ultimate play shall be used. If the teams cannot agree upon a specific approved disc for play, two options are available:

(1)

each team shall supply one approved disc for one half of the game using the disc flipping method (104.03) to determine the order of use; or

(2)

if that solution is not acceptable to both teams they shall resolve the disagreement through the disc flipping method. The team winning the flip shall then supply the approved disc for the entire game.

403.02. Protective Clothing:

Players may wear any soft protective clothing so long as it does not endanger the safety of any other player.

403.03. Uniform:

The players of each team shall wear a uniform or other clothing that distinguishes them from the players of the other team.

403.04. Cleats:

Cleats are permitted; however, players may not use any cleats which have any metal exposed.

404. Rules of Play

404.01. Rule Variations:

Any of these rules may be changed by mutual agreement of the captains of the two teams, subject to the approval of the tournament director.

404.02. Length of Game:

A game lasts until one team reaches a score of at least 21 goals with a lead of at least two goals, or until a team scores 25 goals. A 10 minute halftime occurs the first time either team reaches 11 goals.

404.03. Time Outs:

A. Non-Injury:

Each team is permitted two non-injury time-outs per half in games to 17 or less, and three non-injury time outs per half in games to 18 or more. Each team is permitted exactly one time-out in overtime. Overtime occurs when the score is tied at one point less than the number of points for which the game was originally scheduled.

(1) Time to Call:

A time-out may be called by either team, after a goal and prior to the ensuing throw-off, or may be called by the player in possession of the disc during play.

(2) Duration:

Time-outs shall not exceed 2 minutes in length.

(3) Signal:

A player or captain calling time-out must form a "T" with his hands and call "time-out" loudly enough to permit the other players to hear the request.

(4) Resumption of Play:

When play resumes after a time-out, the player who had possession prior to the time-out puts the disc into play. If the player who had possession is no longer on the field, the player replacing him puts the disc into play. If the disc was out-of-bounds when the time-out was called, the disc is put into play at the point on the playing field proper nearest to where the disc went out-of-bounds. Play shall be resumed through the use of a check and all other players may set up in any position on the field.

B. Injury Time-out:

An injury time-out may be called by any player, and shall not count as one of the time outs allotted in section 404.03(A). An injury time-out results in a team time-out if the injured player does not leave the game unless the injury is the result of a foul.

(1) Disc in Play:

If the disc was in the air at the time an injury occurred and a time-out is called, play continues until possession of the disc is gained by a player.

(2) Resumption of Play:

When play resumes after an injury time-out, the player who had possession when the time-out came into effect puts the disc into play through the use of a check at the same location the disc was when play stopped. All other players must assume their respective positions on the field when play was stopped. Players may not set up when restarting play after an injury time-out, unless it is also a team time-out.

404.04. Substitution of Players:

A.

Substitution of players may be made only after a goal and before the ensuing throw-off, before the beginning of a period of play, or to replace an injured player.

B.

Substitutions may not be made during a time-out taken during play other than for an injury.

C. Injury:

If a team substitutes a player or players for an injured player or players, the opposing team may also make an equal or lesser number of substitutions at that time.

404.05. Starting and Restarting Play:

A. Captain:

Before a game starts, each team designates one captain to represent that team in disagreements and arbitration.

B. Determining Possession:

To determine possession at the start, the disc-flipping method shall be used. The captains of the two teams each flip a disc. The captain of the team so designated calls "same" or "different" while the discs are in the air. The winner of the flip shall choose to throw or receive the initial throw-off or select a goal to defend. The loser shall be given the remaining choice.

C. Start of Second Half:

The first point of the second half shall begin with a reversal of the first point of the first half. Each team shall defend the goal they attacked, and the team that received should pull and vice versa.

D. Throw-off:

Play starts at the beginning of each half or overtime period and after each goal with a throw-off.

(1)

Each time a goal is scored, the team switches the direction of their attack and the team which scored throws-off.

(2) Positioning Prior to the Throw-off:

(a) Throwing Team

The players on the throwing team shall remain inside the endzone they are defending prior to the disc being released on the throw-off, but may move anywhere within said endzone.

(b) Receiving Team

The players on the receiving team must, prior to the release of the disc, stand with one foot on the goal line adjoining the endzone they are defending, and may not change position relative to one another.

(3) Signal:

The throw-off shall be made only after the thrower and a player on the receiving team raise a hand to signal their team's readiness to begin play.

(4) Commencement of Play:

As soon as the disc is released by the thrower, all players may move in any direction.

(5) Interference:

No player on the throwing team may touch the throw-off in the air before it is touched by a member of the receiving team.

(6) Reception Within Playing Field Proper:

Whenever a member of the receiving team obtains possession of the throw-off within the playing field proper, that player must put the disc into play from that point.

(7) Reception in Endzone:

Whenever a player obtains possession of the throw-off within the endzone he is defending, that player may put the disc into play from the point he took possession; or, carry it directly to the closest point on the goal line from the point he took possession, and put it into play from there. If the latter option is chosen, the player taking possession may not throw a pass until he has reached the proper point on the goal line.

(8) Failure to Catch After Touching:

Whenever a member of the receiving team touches the disc during its flight (whether in or out-of bounds) and the receiving team subsequently fails to catch the disc prior to its touching the ground, the team throwing-off regains possession of the disc where it stops.

(9) Landing Untouched:

Whenever the receiving team permits the disc to fall untouched to the ground, and the disc lands in-bounds, the receiving team gains possession of the disc where it stops.

(10) Out-of-Bounds:

Whenever an untouched throw-off lands out-of-bounds, the receiving team may make the choice of putting the disc into play at the at the nearest point on the playing field proper to where the disc crossed the perimeter line, requesting a rethrow, invoking the "middle rule", or invoking the "brick rule".

(a) Rethrow:

To request a rethrow, any member of the receiving team shall fully extend one hand above his head and call, "over." Once the rethrow signal is given, the original throw-off can no longer be put into play.

(b) Middle Rule:

The receiving team may choose to put the disc in play halfway between the two side lines perpendicular to the point on the perimeter line where the disc went out-of-bounds. The receiver of the pull must indicate this by extending one hand over his head and calling "middle" before picking the disc up. The player may then carry the disc to the appropriate place, touch it to the ground, call "disc in play", and put the disc in play. If the disc crossed the perimeter line of the endzone that the receiving team is defending, the player invoking the "middle rule" must put the disc into play on the goal line.

(c) Brick Rule:

The receiving team may choose to put the disc in play halfway between the two side lines at a point 10 yd (approximately 9 m) upfield from the goal line which they are defending. The receiver of the pull must indicate this by extending one hand over his head and calling "brick" before picking the disc up. The player may then carry the disc to the appropriate place, touch it to the ground, call "disc in play", and put the disc in play.

E. The Check:

(1) Stopped Play:

Whenever play stops, other than by the scoring of a goal, play shall resume with the marker touching the disc held by the thrower. If the thrower attempts a pass before the marker touches the disc, the pass does not count regardless of whether it is complete or incomplete, and posession reverts back to the thrower.

(2) Player's Movement to Stop:

Whenever play is halted other than after a goal or at the end of a period of play, the movement of all players must quickly stop so that the relative positions of the players at the time of the stoppage is preserved as closely as possible. The players shall remain in their respective locations until the marker restarts play by touching the disc held by the thrower. During the check, the players shall ascertain the proper positioning of all the players and the players' readiness to continue.

404.06. Out-of-Bounds:

A. Definition -- Disc:

A disc is out-of-bounds when it first contacts an out-of-bounds area or contacts anything which is out-of-bounds. The disc in flight may pass over an out-of-bounds area and return to the playing field without being declared out-of-bounds so long as it does not contact an out-of-bounds area or anything which is out-of-bounds.

B. Defensive Players:

Defensive players may go out-of-bounds to make a play on the disc.

C. Receiving Players:

Receiving players may not go out-of-bounds to make a play on the disc. For a receiver to be considered in-bounds at the time of gaining possession of the disc, the player's first point of contact with the ground must be completely in-bounds. If any portion of the first point of contact is out-of-bounds, the player is considered out-of-bounds.

D. Definition -- Player:

A player is out-of-bounds whenever he is contacting an out-of-bounds area. When a player is in the air, whether he is in or out-of-bounds is determined by where he last contacted the ground.

E. Momentum:

In the event the momentum of a player carries him out-of-bounds after making an in-bounds reception, the player is considered in-bounds. The player shall resume play at the point he went out-of-bounds.

F. Resumption of Play When Disc Goes Out-of-Bounds:

To restart play after the disc has gone out-of-bounds, a player of the team gaining possession of the disc shall carry the disc to the point on the playing field proper closest to the point where the disc went out-of-bounds, and establish a pivot foot at that point, not within the perimeter line, before putting the disc into play.

G. Thrower Out-of-Bounds:

The thrower may pivot in and out-of bounds without being declared out-of-bounds, providing that some point of his pivot foot is in contact with the playing field.

H.

The opposing team gains possession of the disc where it left the field of play only if the defense did not subsequently contact the disc. If the defense contacted the disc, the disc must be put into play at the point on the playing field proper closest to where the contact occurred.

404.07. Endzone Possession:

A. Defending Endzone:

If a team obtains possession in the endzone which it is defending, the player taking possession must make the immediate decision to either put the disc into play from the point he took possession or carry it directly to the closest point on the goal line from the point he took possession and put it into play from there. If the latter option is chosen, the player taking possession may not throw a pass until he is at the proper point at the goal line.

(1) Faking or Pausing:

If a player fakes or pauses after gaining possession within his endzone, said fake or pause shall be a commitment by the player that he will be putting the disc into play at the point he initially received possession.

(2) Pass From Teammate:

If, as a result of a pass from a teammate, a player receives a disc in the endzone which his team is defending, that player may not carry the disc to the goal line, but shall put the disc into play from the point of possession.

B. Endzone of Attack:

If a team gains possession by interception in the endzone which it is attacking, the player taking possession shall carry the disc directly to the closest point on the goal line, from the point of possession, and put the disc into play from there.

404.08. Scoring:

A. Requirement:

A goal is scored when a thrower completes a pass to a receiver while the receiver is within the endzone which his team is attacking.

B.

In order for the receiver to be considered in the endzone at the time he gains possession, his first point of contact with the ground after the catch must be completely in the endzone.

C.

In the event a receiver's momentum carries him into the endzone after establishing possesion in the playing field proper, he shall carry the disc back to the closest point on the goal line from the initial point of possession, and put the disc into play from that point.

D.

A player must be completely in the endzone and acknowledge that he has scored a goal. If that player plays the disc unknowingly into a turnover, then no goal is awarded.

404.09. Turnovers:

A.

A change of possession shall result whenever a turnover occurs.

B.

A change of possession with a check shall occur; whenever the marker's stalling count reaches the maximum number, as set forth in section 404.11(B) herein, the disc is handed from player to player, a thrower intentionally deflects a pass to himself off another player, a thrower catches his own throw, or a player calls time out when his team has no time outs left. However, the thrower catching his own throw shall not result in a turnover if the disc is touched by another player during its flight.

404.10. The Thrower:

A.

A player may become "the thrower" after receiving the disc from his teammate or by picking up the disc after a turnover. Whenever the disc is on the ground, whether in or out-of-bounds, any player becoming offense may take possession of the disc.

B.

Prior to releasing a throw, the thrower must establish a pivot foot and may not change that pivot foot until the throw is released. The thrower has the right to pivot off the pivot foot in any direction. However, once the marker has established a legal position, the thrower may not pivot into him. The thrower may throw the disc in any manner and in any direction he chooses.

C.

In the event the disc is dropped by the thrower without defensive interference, it is considered an incomplete pass.

404.11. The Marker:

A. Guarding:

At any time, only one defensive player may guard the thrower. A player is said to be guarding the thrower if he is within 3 m of the thrower's pivot foot and is not within 3 m of any other member of the offensive team. A thrower guarded by more than one defender shall call "double team". The first time this occurs during any one count, the marker should immediately subtract 2 seconds from the count and continue without interruption. The second time this occurs is a foul and the count shall be reset to zero with a check.

(1)

When guarding the thrower, the marker may not straddle the pivot foot of the thrower.

(2)

When guarding the thrower, the upper body of the marker must be at least one disc's diameter from the upper body of the thrower at all times. It is the mutual responsibility of both players to respect each other's position and not encroach into the other's area once it is established.

(3)

When guarding the thrower, the marker cannot position his arms in such a manner as to restrict the thrower from pivoting.

B. Stalling:

Once a marker is within 3 m of the thrower, he may initiate a count. This consists of the marker calling "stalling " and then counting at one second intervals to ten. If the thrower has not released the disc by the first sound of the word "ten", then a change of possession with a check shall result. If during the stall count, the defense switches markers, the new marker must begin a new count at zero. In the event of a stall, the once-marker, now offensive player, does not have to take the disc after the check. The once-thrower, now marker, checks the disc to the new thrower. If he does not want the disc, the marker "checks" the disc by placing it on the ground and calling "in play".

C. Resumption of Count After Foul:

If a marker's stalling count is interrupted by a call being made, after the call is resolved the stalling count shall be resumed in the following manner:

(1)

If the call was against the defense, the count shall be reset to zero, unless contested and over five, in which case it resumes at five ("stalling, six...").

(2)

If the call was against the offense, the count continues from the point of interruption.

D. Resumption of Count After Time-out:

When play resumes after a time-out, the stall count shall continue from the point of interruption.

E. Fast Count:

If the marker counts too fast, the thrower may call "fast count". The first time this occurs during any one count, the marker should immediately subtract two seconds from the count and continue without interruption. The second time this occurs is a foul and the count shall reset to zero with a check.

F. Contested Stall:

The thrower may contest a stall call if he believes that he had released the disc before the first utterance of the word "ten".

(1)

In the event of a contested stall, if the pass is completed, play stops and possession reverts back to the thrower. After a check, the marker starts the stall count at eight.

(2)

In the event of a contested stall, if the pass is incomplete, it is a turnover and play continues without interruption.

404.12. The Receiver:

A. Possession:

A receiver gains possession by demonstrating sustained contact and control of a non-spinning disc while the receiver is on the ground and in-bounds.

B. Bobbling:

Bobbling to gain control of the disc is permitted, but purposeful, controlled bobbling to oneself in order to advance the disc is considered traveling and is not allowed. For purposes of this section, bobbling shall include tipping, delaying, guiding or brushing the disc.

C. Traveling:

If the receiver is moving when he catches a pass, he shall be permitted the fewest number of steps required to come to a stop and establish a pivot foot. Further, a receiver who catches the disc while running may continue to run and throw a pass so long as the throw is released prior to the receiver making three contacts with the ground during his tenure of possession. Violation of this section shall constitute traveling (see 404.16(C)).

D. Simultaneous Catch:

If the disc is caught simultaneously by offensive and defensive players, the offense retains possession.

E. Judging:

If a pass arrives in such a manner that it is unclear whether a catch was made before the disc made contact with the ground (grass is considered part of the ground), the player with the best perspective shall decide whether a good catch was made. Further, if it is unclear whether a receiver was in or out-of-bounds at the point of making a catch, the player or players with the best perspective makes the call.

F. Force-Out Foul:

If a receiver is airborne at the time he takes possession of the disc, and prior to landing is contacted by a defensive player, and said contact causes the receiver to land out-of-bounds, the receiver shall either call himself out-of-bounds or call a force-out foul on the defensive player. If this foul occurs in the end zone and it is uncontested, a goal is awarded.

404.13. Fouls:

A. Definition:

Fouls are the result of physical contact between opposing players. A foul may be called by the player who has been fouled and must be announced by calling out the word, "foul" loudly and immediately after the foul has occurred.

B. Responsibility:

The player initiating contact shall be the player guilty of the foul.

C. Throwing Fouls:

A throwing foul may be called when there is contact between the thrower and the marker, prior to the release of the disc by the thrower. Contact occurring during the thrower's follow through is not sufficient grounds for a foul, but should still be avoided whenever possible.

(1)

When a foul is committed by the thrower or the marker, play stops and possession reverts back to the thrower, after a check.

(2)

If the thrower is fouled in the act of throwing and the pass is completed, the foul is automatically declined and play continues without interruption.

(3)

If the marker is fouled during the thrower's act of throwing and the pass is not completed, play continues without interruption. If the pass is completed, the disc is returned to the thrower after a check and the stall count is resumed from the point of interruption.

D. Catching Fouls:

A catching foul may be called when there is contact between opposing players in the process of attempting a catch, interception or knock down. A certain amount of incidental contact during or immediately after the catching attempt is often unavoidable and shall not constitute a foul.

(1) Interference:

If a player makes contact with an opponent before the disc arrives and therefore interferes with that opponent's attempt to make a play on the disc, that player has committed a foul.

(2)

If a player's attempt to make a play on the disc causes contact with a legitimately-positioned, stationary opponent, either before or after the disc arrives, that player has committed a foul.

(3)

If a catching foul occurs and is uncontested, the player fouled gains possession at the point of the infraction. If the call is disputed, possession of the disc reverts back to the thrower. If an uncontested foul, with the exception of a force-out foul (see 404.12(F)), occurs in the end zone the offensive team is attacking, the player fouled gains posession at the closest point on the goal line to the infraction.

E. Aggressive Behavior:

Dangerously aggressive behavior or reckless disregard for the safety of fellow players shall constitute a foul.

F. Player Positioning:

After a foul is called, all players shall remain in the position they held at the time of the foul until play is resumed.

404.14. Positioning:

A. Right to Position:

Every player, with the exception of the thrower as set forth in section 404.10(B), is entitled to occupy any position on the field not occupied by any opposing player, provided that he does not cause personal contact in taking such a position.

B. Avoiding Contact:

It is always the responsibility of all players to avoid contact in any way possible. Violent impact with legitimately-positioned opponents constitutes harmful endangerment, is a foul and must be strictly avoided.

C. Picks:

No player may establish a position, or move in such a manner, so as to obstruct the movement of any player on the opposing team. In the event of a pick, the obstructed player shall immediately call, "pick" loudly. Play shall then be stopped and be resumed only after a check, with the stall count resuming from the point of interruption or to five if the count is over five. The continuation rule applies only to the next catch after the pick call.

D. Principal of Verticality:

All players shall have the right to the space immediately above them. Accordingly, a player cannot prevent an opponent from attempting to catch a pass by placing his arms above an opponent. If a player so places his arms, and contact occurs, a foul may be called.

E. Playing the Disc:

Whenever the disc is in the air, all players shall play the disc in lieu of the opponent.

F. Rights of Players Off the Ground:

A player who has jumped is entitled to land at the same point without hindrance by opponents. He may also land at another point provided the landing point was not already occupied at the time of his takeoff and if the direct path between the takeoff and landing point was not already occupied at the time of takeoff.

404.15. Observers:

A.

At their discretion, the captains may, before the game, decide to select up to six experienced individuals, who are not participating in the game, to act as observers. The duty of the observer is to carefully watch the action of the game for the sole purpose of rendering a decision in the event of a dispute that cannot be resolved. Observers shall remain passive and shall not make any calls on their own initiative.

B.

When a dispute arises which cannot be resolved by the players involved or their captains, the observers may be called upon by the captains to make the call. The observer with the best view of the play makes the call. If the observers so choose, they may discuss the play among themselves before rendering a decision.

C.

By calling in the observers, the teams agree to abide by the observers' decision.

404.16. Violations:

A. General:

A violation occurs when a player violates any of the rules in this article, other than the rules relating to physical contact, in any manner.

B. Calling the Violation:

A violation may be called by any player who recognizes that a violation has occurred. The player should immediately call, "violation", or the name of the specific violation, loudly.

C. Traveling:

Any journey by a player while in possession of the disc which is in violation of these rules constitutes a travel and is not permitted.

(1)

At all times a thrower must keep all or part of the pivot foot in contact with the single point on the field established as the pivot point. Whenever the thrower loses contact with that point, he has traveled.

(2)

Whenever a receiver takes more steps than he requires to stop after catching a pass, that receiver has traveled.

(3)

If a receiver, after receiving a pass on the run, releases a pass after making three ground contacts and before coming to a complete stop, that receiver has traveled.

(4)

If a stall count is in progress and traveling is called, the stall count shall resume from the point of interruption or at "five" ("stall, six..."), whichever is lower.

D. Strip:

No defensive player may touch the disc while it is in the possession of the thrower or receiver. If a defensive player does so, causing the thrower or receiver to drop the disc, the player who was in possession of the disc calls, "strip".

(1)

The player in possession may pick up the disc and play shall continue from the point where that player regains possession.

(2)

If a stall count was in progress as the disc was stripped, the count is reset to zero.

(3)

A contested strip of the receiver is treated the same as a contested catching foul; an uncontested strip in the end zone is a goal.

404.17. Stoppage of Play:

A. General:

Whenever an infringement of the rules or a time-out occurs, play is halted and the disc is put back into play with a check at the point of the last possession before play was stopped, except as otherwise provided by these rules.

B. Play Continuation Rule:

(1)

If a foul, violation or pick is called while the disc is in the air, play continues until possession of the disc is gained.

(2)

If the team who would receive the benefit of the call gains possession as a result of a pass committed prior or during the time the call was made, play shall continue unhalted. It is the responsibility of the player who made the call to call out, "play on" to indicate that this rule has been invoked.

C. Disputes:

Whenever there is a failure to come to an agreement over any call, the disc shall be returned to the last thrower prior to the dispute via a check.

D. Offsetting Fouls:

If offsetting catching fouls are called by offensive and defensive players on the same play, the disc shall be returned to the last thrower at his point of possession via a check.

404.18. Etiquette:

A.

If a foul is committed and not called, the player who commits the foul should inform the infracted player of the foul.

B.

It is the responsibility of both teams to minimize the time used between each goal and the ensuing throw-off.

C.

If the receiving team wishes to have a throw-off which traveled out-of-bounds rethrown, said team should give the rethrow signal as soon as possible.

D.

In the event a dispute or confusion arises on the field, play should be stopped and subsequently resumed via a check after the matter is resolved.

E.

In non-tournament play, where a novice player commits a violation due to ignorance of the rules, it shall be common practice to stop play and explain the violation and the rule to the player.

405. Glossary

V -- DISCATHON

Outline of Contents

501. Course

501.01. Description:

The course is approximately 1 km in length, typically laid out within a grassland or wooded area, with marked start and finish lines. There shall be numerous stationary objects such as tall trees and poles interspersed throughout the course, of which approximately 20 to 30 will be designated as mandatories or tests. An even mix of challenging flight paths and trajectories is desirable without a left or right curve advantage. The ideal course offers the player three or four tests and many opportunities to save time which, if attempted unsuccessfully, cost additional time. A grassy, smooth running surface is preferred with topographical change providing additional challenge and interest. See Figure 5.1.

501.02. Lines:

Lines indicating the start, finish, tests, and when necessary, the plane of a double mandatory, shall be between 5 cm and 10 cm wide, marked with a non-caustic material.

A. Starting Line:

There shall be 4 starting lanes, each lane being 2 m wide, with at least 1 m between each lane. See Figure 5.2.

B. Finish Line:

The finish line should be a double mandatory, advisedly 3 m to 5 m wide and height-restricted. The entire disc must pass through the plane established by this line in the correct direction for the course to be completed.

C. Test Line:

A line, behind which a player must throw in order to complete a test. If not a mandatory itself, the test line shall be marked by cones and have sidelines which extend backward from the ends of the lines at a 120 degree angle to the line. Both the foot placement and the lie disc must be behind the test line and within the sidelines extended to attempt a test throw. See Figure 5.6.

502. Equipment

502.01. Discs:

A.

Each player, at his discretion, shall begin the race with two or three discs, employing exactly two at any given time. Any type of flying disc may be used so long as it meets the minimum requirements set forth in Article I of the WFDF rules and the specific requirements for discathon in paragraph 502.01(B). The discs need not be identical. To reduce confusion, all players' discs must be distinctly marked on the upper and lower surfaces.

B. Special Restrictions:

For game design and safety considerations, discs in play must meet both the W.F.D.F. general disc specifications (section 107) and these additional specifications:

(1) Rim configuration:

must achieve a rim configuration rating of 75 or greater (may not be bevelled - see section 108 [D]).

(2) Weight:

must weigh no more than 6.7 gm per cm of outside diameter.

(3) Rigidity:

must be sufficiently flexible to bend to the point of buckling when subjected to no more than 9.1 kg (20 lb) of weight in a standard testing procedure (see section 108 [F]).

503. Rules of Play

503.01. Rules in Effect:

A.

The WFDF rules of play shall cover play for discathon, except as set forth in paragraph 503.01(B).

B. Variations: DD>Discathon may be played with slight variation of the rules regarding course length, unplayable lies, interference, penalties, race procedures and/or officiating, depending upon the circumstances in effect at the time. The variations shall be at the discretion of the tournament director, subject to the provisions of Article I of the WFDF rules. All players shall be notified of any variation of the rules prior to the commencement of play.

503.02. Start of Play:

Players shall be assigned a starting order (not to be confused with a specific starting group), and started at 4 - minute intervals in groups of four players. The starter shall have players select lanes in inverse order of the starting list, and shall begin the race with a call of "ready...set.....throw". The cadence of the call shall be such that it is unpredictable. A player releasing his starting throw prior to the call of "throw" shall be penalized 10 seconds, or may be disqualified if throwing more than 3 seconds too early.

503.03. Play:

Each player will be timed while attempting to correctly negotiate the course as quickly as possible. The player begins by throwing a disc from behind the starting line, then continues throughout the course, making each subsequent throw from the lie obtained from the previous throw until his disc completely crosses the finish line. The player whose throws travel the course in the shortest amount of time, including time adjustments and penalties, shall be declared the winner. The responsibility for correct completion of the course, including knowledge of the designated route and all procedures of play, rests entirely with the competing player. A player not completing the course route correctly is to be given a penalty of twice the estimated time saved or 10 seconds, whichever is greater, for each such infraction. A player may be disqualified if it is determined by the head judge that the player's failure to complete the course route correctly was intentional.

503.04. Throws:

A. Initial Throw:

The initial throw shall be made from behind the starting line after the signal is given by the starter.

B. Subsequent Throws:

All subsequent throws shall be made from the lie area established by the previous throw with the exception of the establishment of an unplayable lie, which is governed by Section 503.05(B) or a self-caught flight. The throw shall be released with one of the player's supporting points at least partially within the lie area. The disc determining the lie shall remain in place while the throw is being made and shall be picked up only after the throw is released.

C. Technique:

Throws may be made in any direction, subject to section 503.07 relating to mandatories, and in any manner.

503.05. Lie:

The lie must be established by a disc at rest, either coming to rest naturally or by the player stopping the disc's movement once it is on the ground. A player must make a ground contact within 1.5 m of the center of the disc at rest during the release of his throw. A player using any incorrect placement and or throwing procedure is to be given a penalty of twice the estimated time saved or 10 seconds, whichever is greater, for each such infraction. See Figure 5.3.

A. Airborne Discs:

A player may not touch or catch his thrown disc or otherwise attempt to establish a lie while that disc is in the air, unless he is attempting to execute a self-caught flight around a mandatory. If he catches a disc which has correctly passed through the both planes of a single mandatory or the one plane of a double mandatory in one flight while not having broken any of the planes with his body, the player need not establish a lie, but may carry the disc while making up to three ground contacts before releasing his next throw.

B. Out-of-Bounds:

In the event that the disc comes to rest in an area declared out-of-bounds, it may not be retrieved. If the player possesses two remaining discs, he may establish a new lie at the point where the disc entered into the out-of-bounds area.

C. Unplayable Lies:

In the event a throw cannot be made from a lie area such as a lie in a body of water or within thick brush, the player shall choose to either retrieve the disc or use one of the two remaining discs he is carrying to establish a new lie in the following manner:

(1) Ground-Level Lies:

The new lie shall be located at the estimated point where the disc entered into the unplayable area.

(2) Above-Ground Lies:

The new lie shall be located as close as possible to being directly beneath the unplayable disc. If the area directly under the disc is also unplayable, then the new lie shall be established as per section 503.05(C)(1).

D. Lost Disc:

In the event a player cannot locate one of his discs presumed to lie in a playable area, the player may declare a lost disc and establish a new lie with one of his two remaining discs at the point he estimates would be the lie of the lost disc. After the completion of the course, the player shall report the lost disc to the statistician who shall assess a 10 second penalty. A player may be assessed an additional time penalty or be disqualified if it is determined by the head judge that the lost disc declaration was exploited, intentionally or otherwise, to gain competitive advantage.

To pass the test, a player must have both his lie disc and foot placement completely behind the test line and complete the next "target" double mandatory in a single throw. If the player fails the test or chooses not to take it, he need not pass over the test line if it is not a mandatory, but shall be required to complete both the double mandatory which serves as the test target and an additional penalty mandatory immediately after the target. See Figure 5.6.